REACTION: This episode makes the viewer suspicious of just about everyone except the man returning home from Europe, who seems genuinely shocked by his father’s death and almost gives off an air of innocence. RECAP: A man returns home from Europe to reconnect with his family, only to find that his father passed away four years earlier… and no one has informed him of the death, nor are they willing to give up the truth of how it happened. STARRING: JOHN FORSYTHE, WARREN STEVENS AND CLORIS LEACHMAN This first episode of the series kicks the viewer with two huge surprises, hooking the audience into this story and ensuring that they’ll be returning for further episodes. It’s equal parts psychological thriller and revenge tale, and Hitchcock (along with writers Francis Cockrell and Samuel Blas) balance the two sides of the story absolutely perfectly. REACTION: This is one of my favorite episodes in the series. All seems to be going much better for the couple at their new temporary home, until the woman allegedly gets assaulted one day by a “traveling salesman” while her husband is at work. RECAP: A woman who has suffered an emotional breakdown has temporarily moved to a beachfront mobile park with her husband. STARRING: RALPH MEEKER, VERA MILES AND FRANCES BAVIER I recently decided to work my way through the Alfred Hitchcock Presents television series in chronological order, to catch the episodes I’ve never seen and re-watch the ones I’ve loved for years! The following are brief recaps and reviews for the first six episodes of my seemingly never-ending marathon. Alfred Hitchcock is one of my favorite directors and one of my favorite people in general.
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Again, say you wanted to use this quotation from Allport: You can also use ellipses to indicate that you have left irrelevant words out of a quotation. The young man in my example was not prejudiced, according to Allport’s definition his opinion was “reversible when exposed to new knowledge” (417). However, you want to apply Allport’s words to a specific example of your own. “It should be added that overgeneralized prejudgments of this sort are prejudices only if they are not reversible when exposed to new knowledge” (417). Say, for example, you liked this quotation from Allport: You can adapt a quotation to fit your own paragraph and sentence structure by making small changes to words and indicating those changes with square brackets. “Much prejudice,” Allport claims, “is caught rather than directly taught” (418). “Much prejudice is caught rather than directly taught,” claims Allport (418). When you use a q uotation as evidence, you should integrate it into your own writing using a “signal phrase.” Take, for example, this quotation, taken from page 418 of the essay “Prejudice and the Individual” by Gordon Allport: “Much prejudice is caught rather than directly taught.” Here are three ways to integrate Allport’s quotation into a sentence of your own with a signal phrase:Īllport claims that “prejudice is caught rather than directly taught” (418). In what follows, you will learn some strategies for using these methods of incorporating evidence into your paper. Some words to use in signal phrases are argues, asserts, contends, emphasizes, explains, observes, suggests, writes. summary, which is shorter than the original source and gives the text’s central idea in your own words.paraphrase, which is a rephrasing in your own voice and sentence structure of one portion of the original source and is about the same length as the original sentence or sentences you are paraphrasing.quotation, which is anything from a word to several sentences taken word-for-word from the original source and enclosed in quotation marks.There are three methods of incorporating the writing of others into your paper as evidence: It is important to learn how to use these writings responsibly and accurately. Often, the evidence college writers are asked to use comes from their textbooks, course readings, or other written work by professional scholars. Academic writing often requires students to use evidence, and learning how to use evidence effectively is an important skill for college writers to master. 4/28/2024 0 Comments Anime hot sexy cute realistic girlCharlotte is put in a room with Ichika, but he soon discovers her true gender. Charlotte was originally introduced in the series as “Charles”, the second male IS pilot student that was transferred into Ichika’s class but was actually sent to the academy to spy on Ichika. In confrontation with Ichijou, Onodera displays inconfidence, initially needing encouragement from Miyamoto to attempt confessing her love.Ĭharlotte is a first year student at the IS academy and is the IS cadet representative from France. Generally, she opts to think carefully before acting, as seen when she stalls her confession to Ichijou in consideration that he may have feelings for Kirisaki. She is very kind, she takes care of Ichijou when he is wounded or ill. Onodera is discreet, innocent, and slightly timid. Acting as the “mother” of the crew, Nami doesn’t understand or approve of the boys’ often macho attitudes and principles. She is very manipulative as well and can even turn an entire conversation in her favor when necessary, often putting on disguses and tricking the enemy. Robin is actually the only person Nami doesn’t try to boss, and she refered to her as the only person who understands her, though in a comical fashion. Possibly one of the best (or even the best) navigators currently sailing the Grand Line, she has the ability to recognize and analyze even the slightest changes in the weather through sheer intuition, thus saving the ship and the crew from the very unstable Grand Line weather on multiple occasions. She often comically beats or hits her other crewmates for their nonsense, which occurs quite often. She is the first member of the Straw Hat Pirates to appear (in the anime), but the third to align herself with the crew, and the fifth to actually join. She also has a fear of being in the spotlight and gets embarrassed easily, and is often subject to teasing from Ritsu and Sawako, their club adviser and eventual third-year homeroom teacher. She gets excellent grades in school and is often mature and strict especially where Ritsu is involved her weakness is the macabre and horrific, and she is often incapacitated with fear when stories involving ghosts, blood, injuries, haunted houses, barnacles or other disturbing topics come up. She plays a left-handed, 3-Color Sunburst Fender Jazz Bass with a tortoiseshell pickguard. While she originally intended to join the literary club, she was forced into the light music club by her childhood friend and the club’s president/drummer, Ritsu. Mio is a shy girl who is in the light music club. She doesn’t only have the past data, but she can also predict the opponent’s growth, and thus making her a great strategist. As noted by Riko her data collection abilities are elite and she resembles a spy while observing the game. Her reasoning for loving Kuroko is that he once gave her a coupon for an extra ice cream, although he only did this because he was already full. She is actually in love with Kuroko and considers herself to be Kuroko’s girlfriend. She’s in fact Aomine’s childhood friend and enters Touou together with him because she can’t leave him alone. The ex-manager of the basketball team at Teikou, and now serving as Touou’s manager. So who are the most attractive, most desirable and most sizzling female anime characters? 10. Momoi Satsuki ( Kuroko’s Basketball) – 131 Votes Of the voters, 62.3% were male, 37.7% were female, 87.4% are teens or in their 20s, and the remaining 12.6% are over 30 years old. Over 2,000 people have voted on the Charapedia survey. In that case, what about seeing your favourite female anime characters in swimsuits? It is now Summer and what better way to celebrate the hot temperatures and shining sun than visiting the beach? Other than keeping cool and going for a swim is looking at the gorgeous girls in swimsuits. 4/28/2024 0 Comments Is wetransfer freeFor users, this means greater assurances that a file you’ve received is not malicious-but we would still advise not to download any file you aren’t expecting. Using this data, Microsoft analyzes the metadata of WeTransfer files to identify problematic ones.Īccording to WeTransfer, this method has lowered the incidence of malicious transfers. WeTransfer has tackled this problem by partnering with Microsoft, which has the ability to identify hosting sources for attacks used against its own Microsoft 365 customers. This could include files containing phishing links or malware files that could lead to a takeover of a device. Malware sent via WeTransferĪttackers have taken to WeTransfer to send malicious or illegal content. It’s important to only share such passwords in a secure manner, like over end-to-end encrypted communication methods. For the paid tiers, a password can be placed on files, preventing an unauthorized person from downloading it if they manage to get the link. When it comes to the file transfers, for the free tier, anyone can access the files via a link. But you can only benefit from this feature if you choose to use it-which you definitely should! Even if they find out your password, they would still need a one-time code generated by an authenticator app on your phone to get in. WeTransfer offers two-factor authentication, which makes it very hard for someone to try to access your account. This is why you should only share WeTransfer links to sensitive files using end-to-end-encrypted methods and over secure connections (not over unsecured public Wi-Fi ). Or a hacker with determination could attempt to intercept your online traffic to get the link. You could have sent it to someone unintentionally. The risk is that a third party could find out the link. The files can only be accessed using the unique link sent to the sender and recipient. This raises the question of who is authorized. These encryption standards are strong, preventing anyone unauthorized from reading your files. WeTransfer encryptionĪccording to WeTransfer, files are encrypted when they are being transferred using TLS, and they are encrypted when they are stored using AES-256. Here’s what you should know about WeTransfer security. But if it’s sensitive material you’re sending, such as legal documents or evidence of wrong-doing by a government or company, you’ll want to ensure that the file service you’re using has protections in place to prevent interception. You might be sending a set of photos in full resolution and not worry too much about someone stealing them. Yes, WeTransfer has strong safeguards overall, but if confidentiality is paramount for your files, there are a few things to know before you hit “transfer.” The files are stored by WeTransfer for a fixed duration, when the recipient is able to download them. The recipient receives a link to download the files, either sent by WeTransfer via email or by the sender directly. The sender just has to go to WeTransfer’s website or app and upload files to WeTransfer’s servers. The files might be too large to be easily sent by email, or the sender might simply want to avoid taking up space in their email account. WeTransfer is a cloud-based file transfer service that allows users to send and receive large files over the internet. WeTransfer alternatives What is WeTransfer? But is it safe and secure enough to send sensitive documents and photos? We break down the risks and when you should use it. WeTransfer is a convenient way to send and receive files that are too large to be sent by email. 4/28/2024 0 Comments National grid rhode island loginThe service address (and billing address, if different)įind Out More How to switch ESCO providers Contact : National Grid customer service numbers.Full name and contact information (phone number, email address).Once you've activated your National Grid account, contact the ESCO provider of choice to start service and have the following information ready: The sign-up process with an ESCO is simple, but you must have already started service with National Grid in order to get a National Grid account number. For example, if you purchase electricity from National Grid at their default rate, at the end of the month you will receive a bill for electricity with a price of the kWh which is averaged over the entire month. You will therefore be buying electricity or gas at the fluctuating market price. The default rate with National Grid is a variable one that changes every month. National Grid Default energy rates : electricity and natural gas New York ESCOs offer a range of energy plans and rates (including green energy options), and are able to promote great deals that may be cheaper than National Grid's default rate. While consumers cannot change between TDU companies, switching from the default provider (National Grid) to a preferred ESCO remains an option in New York. As a regulated utility, National Grid is the only company that can deliver your energy service, but their prices are regulated by the New York Public Service Commission. "Delivery" entails building and maintaining the electrical infrastructure, and transporting energy from the point of production (a power plant for example) to your home. National Grid is the transmission and distribution utility (TDU) company, meaning that it is responsible for delivering energy to consumers. Whether for electricity or natural gas, the price you pay can be broken down into two main charges: With the competition, between ESCOs, comes the great deals and superior customer service! How it works: Delivery and supply Many competitive Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) offer wide varieties of energy solutions, including fixed prices, variable rates, and green energy. In New York, residents have the power to choose which company provides electricity and gas service. Tenants/Renters may need to provide a copy of the rental agreement and/or the landlord's contact information (name, address, phone number, etc).įirst-time National Grid customer? Check out our guides to understanding your National Grid bill and the full National Grid's bill pay methods available! Choose an Energy Service Company : Providers in the National Grid service area Contact details (email, phone number, etc).The full address of your new home (unit number, street number, street name, zip code, etc).Your Social Security Number, or your passport number.Your name and full contact information (phone number, and email address, if you have one).Using the National Grid "Start Service" online form to submit a request, orĬalling National Grid directly: 1-80 (M-F, 7am-7pm)Ĭustomers choosing to call National Grid will need to provide the following information to start service: New residents can start up service with National Grid one of two ways: Unfortunately, there is no way to speed up this process. This can take up to five business days from the day of your request, depending on the availability of National Grid's staff. If service has been cut-off (which may happen if the previous occupant moved out some time ago) the meter may need to be switched on in person. In this case, the electricity/gas is just reassigned names on the same day as the request. If service is still running from the home's previous tenant, National Grid may just need to make an estimated meter reading, which they can do right from the office. National Grid recommends providing about seven (7) days' notice to activate electricity and gas service. Whether National Grid delivers your electricity, gas, or both, the process for activating service is the same. Connect to the National Grid outage map Moving-in : Starting service with National Grid National Grid bill pay methods available National Grid login : Register and access Contact : National Grid customer service numbers Moving-in : Starting service with National GridĬhoose an Energy Service Company : Providers in the National Grid service area 4/28/2024 0 Comments Squeeze momentum indicator logicIt’s important to note that the Squeeze Momentum may not work correctly during periods of high volatility. By employing a combination of these indicators, traders can make more informed decisions and potentially enhance their overall trading strategies. It is important to remember that no technical indicator is flawless, and thorough research should be conducted before executing any trades based on these tools. A higher Squeeze Momentum Indicator value corresponds to tighter bands, suggesting that a sharp price movement may be imminent.ĭuring periods of high market volatility, it is advisable to use the Squeeze Momentum Indicator in conjunction with other technical analysis tools, such as the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), for optimal performance. Each bar in the Squeeze Momentum histogram represents the degree of tightness between the narrowing bands. The indicator produces both positive and negative values, with positive values signifying an upward price movement and increasing momentum, while negative values indicate a downward price movement and decreasing momentum. Additionally, the Squeeze Momentum Indicator can be used to validate trading signals generated by other technical analysis tools. One common application of this indicator is to anticipate market movements when the Bollinger Bands and Keltner Channels contract, allowing traders to capitalize on these fluctuations. The Squeeze Momentum Indicator offers numerous advantages to traders, providing valuable insights into market trends and potential shifts in momentum. A Plus Signal (black “+”, blue “+”, gray “+”) and histogram based on Bollinger Bands and Keltner Channels are used to generate the Squeeze Momentum. The Squeeze Momentum Indicator is designed to assess the impact of band contraction on market momentum. This innovative indicator is calculated by plotting price movements on the 20-day moving average of Bollinger Bands and Keltner Channels, as well as two lines above and below this average. The Squeeze Momentum Indicator combines two popular technical analysis tools: Bollinger Bands and Keltner Channels. Squeeze Momentum Indicator: What is it and how is it calculated? The Squeeze Momentum is particularly useful for traders looking to trade in a sideways market, as it can detect periods when prices are stuck before making a sharp move. The Squeeze Momentum Indicator is a powerful technical analysis tool that is a combination of Bollinger Bands and Keltner Channels. 4/28/2024 0 Comments Creature report octonautsHe is very clumsy and also causes accidents. NameĪlthough nervous, he can go super fast in an emergency. Shellington is the only (non-vegimal) Octonaut who has some fluency in Vegimalese. They primarily speak Vegimalese, a language made of chirps and warbles (heavily accented English with inter-mixed gibberish), though they also speak a limited amount of English (with an accent). After a few weeks, they established themselves as an integral part of the crew. To protect them he brought them into his lab, where they hatched a few days later. The vegimals were discovered by Shellington as eggs attached to the side of the Octopod. Vegimals are half-animal, half-vegetable creatures. Since he was born, his first words were "Cheepa cheepa!, Cheepa cheepa!" and "Zuupa zuupa!" Tunip, like all Vegimals, speaks Vegimalese. His two favorite meals are fish biscuits and kelp cakes. Aside from cooking the meals, Tunip works in the garden, cultivating vegetables he can use to cook meals. He is the smallest main character in the Octonauts crew. Tunip is very childish and innocent, always wanting to help the Octonauts in any way he can. He is a Vegimal, a half-animal, half-vegetable creature capable of breathing on land as well as underwater. Tunip the Vegimal is the Octonauts' head cook and gardener. He loves to make kelp cakes and work in the greenhouse. Tunip is half-tuna, half-turnip, but has the outward appearance of a harbor seal mixed with a turnip. Dashi is the photographer for the Octonauts and takes care of all the computers aboard the Octopod. Jenny Yokobori (US, "The Caves of Sac Actun"-present)Ī dog who speaks with an Australian accent (American in the US version). Catchphrases: "Right away, Cap!", ".faster than you can say 'buncha munchy crunchy carrots'!", and "Oh, me, oh, my!". She often refers to Captain Barnacles as "Cap". She often invents things like the GUP-X, GUP-S, the Octo-Max suit, and the Friend Finder she made for her friend, Sandy the leatherback sea turtle. Catchphrase: "Jumping jellyfish!" and "Fascinating".Ī rabbit who speaks with a Southern-US accent. He is not a very good driver and once crashed the GUP-D. Shellington is a biologist who assists the Octonauts on missions. Catchphrase: "Fascinating!"Ī sea otter who speaks with a Scottish accent. Inkling brought the Octonauts together, to study the oceans and have adventures. Catchphrase: "Flappity flippers!".Īn octopus who speaks in a posh accent. He is not fond of scary situations, but if someone is hurt or in trouble he can be the bravest Octonaut of all. He is a penguin with a British accent (Spanish accent in the US version) and the medic of the Octonauts. Catchphrases: "Shiver me whiskers" and "Yeow!". In the episode "The Octonauts and the Giant Spider Crab", it reveals that he has a fear of spiders. He believes in many sea monsters such as the Nackerwhack, Tri-Toothed-Terror, Giant Shrimp Monster, Monster of Creepy Cove, and others and likes to drive fast in the Gup-B. Kwazii is a daredevil cat with a mysterious pirate past. Catchphrases: "Octonauts, let's do this", "Sound the Octo-Alert!", "Octonauts, to the launch bay!" and "Hold on, this could get bumpy".Ī cat who speaks in a Cockney accent. However, despite his bravery, it was revealed in The Caves of Sac Actun that he was claustrophobic. He knows how to drive any vehicle and is strong enough to lift a giant clam. Nameīarnacles is the brave polar bear captain of the Octonauts. The Octonauts, consisting of the Octopod crew and captain, are the recurring main characters. A Netflix-original spinoff, subtitled Above & Beyond, was released in September 2021, and featured the Octonauts venturing onto more land-based habitats of the natural world. The show was renewed for a fifth series in 2018, with Canada's Mainframe Studios taking over animation work. The show was animated in Ireland by Brown Bag Films for its first four series. The show's subject matter has been compared to that of Star Trek and Thunderbirds blended with Jacques Cousteau. Although its technology is fictional, the exotic creatures and locations that the crew encounter are based on real marine animals in their natural habitats. The show follows an underwater exploring crew made up of stylized anthropomorphic animals, a team of eight adventurers who live in an undersea base, the Octopod, from which they go on undersea adventures with the help of a fleet of aquatic vehicles. Octonauts is a children's television series, produced by Silvergate Media for the BBC channel CBeebies, and based on the children's books written by Vicki Wong and Michael C. Left to right: Kwazii, Barnacles, and Peso 4/28/2024 0 Comments Supreme commander wiki ecoSitting on a maxed army is throwing away a temporary advantage. Static defense doesn't really help against armies (only deters harassment), because siege weapons. Lower popcap means you don't get to continue building an even bigger, more unbeatable army behind a wall of turrets or cannons. > And a lower population cap would make it easier to turtle, not harder, so I'm kind of confused as to how it worked in your example ? Maybe it would actually be good here if SC2 didn't have a popcap (so that you continue to capitalize on your initial greed for the rest of the game), but that would make Zerg incredibly broken - they make more stuff (including workers) faster than any other faction. I just think games like this suck.Įven if you execute your initial greed correctly, you're still vulnerable because they've been building T3 units, you have more places to defend, and a bigger part of your popcap is taken by the workers. Sure I can go expand first into 80+ workers before making a single army unit. Sometimes I get teammates 500MMR below me, where the metagame is almost always turtling to T3 behind infinite static defense.īeing the only aggressive player in a game with 7 turtles feels extremely unrewarding. Matchmaking can be a real dice roll in a small playerbase (which SC2 4v4 is). That's exactly the issue, when playing in a random team. > Not sure why you would expect that turtling (porc(upine)ing) would work in a competitive game with 2 teams, the opponnents will just take the rest of the map and then crush you using these extra resources. Reclaiming wrecks for metal is another comeback mechanic. That is the main supply-like comeback mechanic, which works since part of your economy is always vulnerable. When you take more metal spots you also need more energy, and the energy is nowhere near as vulnerable. Metal comes from points around the map while energy can be built in your base, and both resources are used for construction. There is something similar in Zero-K with energy. Rebuilding your base is easier the second time around, as long as you keep your power plants. Eg C&C games have power plants that act as construction supply. But the aspect of it you bring up isn't limited to popcap. On supply, I'd say what you said about supply is pretty important. Having to put a hard cap on army sizes, that people regularly reach, is sort of a drastic measure. A better question might be why games with a popcap couldn't be designed away from the failure mode of people sitting in their base making larger and larger armies. Maps are pretty open, units don't fire through each other, AoE exists. There are just so many subtle things that mean the question of popcap never has to come up. Talking about the lack of popcap is a bit backwards in a way. The overall effect is that, while there is a pop cap at the technical level, it is 10x higher than the unit counts that even the largest battles tend to equilibrate to. Defenders advantage shifts to attackers advantage as things escalate, so people can't just sit in their base. Armies are fighting or jockeying for position throughout the game and army size and composition keeps escalating. Income tracks map control, and controlling more of the map is hard, so players that are ahead don't have the freedom to sit back and build up an overwhelming army. Zero-K solves the problems solved by popcap in other ways. Popcap is just one of the ways to design an RTS, there are others. Mac: Fixed Window/New Tab not working with the Adaptive theme. If you are looking for installing an Apple theme for one of your Linux systems then you might want to check this: Apple Mac OS Theme For Ubuntu, Fedora, SUSE. Sublime Text may be downloaded and evaluated for free. Both Windows 11 and Windows 10 can be customized with these themes. In case you know about any other OS X themes for Windows, that I missed out here do let me know in the comments section. Download Mac Theme Packs for Windows (All MacOS Versions). Change the shortcut keys, switch to a Windows theme and more, using the Preferences window. For a perfect Mac OS X experience it is recommended that you buy an actual Mac computer like a Macbook Air, Mac Mini or an iMac. AltTab doesnt upload or download any data. One thing that is common with all these themes that each of them have one glitch or the other - and none of them are perfect but still does the job. Do you want to transform your Windows 10 desktop into a sleek and elegant macOS Big Sur interface If so, you should check out this amazing theme by protheme on DeviantArt. Update: New separate package and Update and of the above theme for Windows 7. Leopard Theme (windows Vista) - ( Download) Mac OS X Lion Theme for Windows 7 ( Download)Ĥ. Update - this Apple OS X theme works even on Windows 10 that was recently launched as a technical preview.Ģ. Mac OS X Yosmite Skin Pack for Windows 8 and Windows 7 ( Download) You should create a system restore point before you install any of these themes as these themes are either packages or patches, so just in case you want to get rid of any of the OS X themes, you can simply switch back to an older restore point.ġ. Now before you go through the list, here is something very important that you need to take care of. But given the high price of an Apple Macintosh computer, you can easily install a Mac OS X Theme on your Windows 8 or Windows 7 in order to experience the same look and feel of Mac OS X right inside Windows. You can also have the looks and feel of the Apple Macintosh OS on your Windows 8 and Windows 7 system using these Seven themes.Īpple's Mac OS X has some of the best crafted User Interfaces and font designs and in fact every designer, business guy and developers swear by the design and ease of usage of Mac OS X. macOS Ventura is the latest version of macOS available for Apple users on MacBook. The themes and fonts that are available on Apple Macintosh's OS are really very elegant and beautiful. Not only this, the list of best themes for Windows 10 includes 23 free themes from different categories like cars, sceneries, deserts. Apple has always been known for it's looks and finish. Transforms the look of your Windows theme into something like Mac with icons, taskbar and windows all transformed. 4/28/2024 0 Comments Elder futhark rune fontsSource: Hear the Lord's Prayer in Old Icelandic (not quite the same as the above text, but similar):īooks about Runes and Runic scripts LinksĪn English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions of the Younger Futhark Tü rikiað ar þit oh mahtan oh harlihheten i ewihhet. Oh inleð os ikkie i frestalsan utan frels Oh forlat os uora skuldar so som oh ui forlate þem os skuüldihi are. Skie þin uilie so som i himmalan so oh bo iordanne. Sample text - Lord's Prayer in Old Norse (Runic alphabet - Futhark)įaðer uor som ast i himlüm, halgað warðe þit nama. Thanks to Niklas Dougherty for some of the information on this page. These runes were used in Gothenburg in Sweden.Īfter the arrival of Christianity in Scandinavia, the Runic alphabet was Latinised and was used occasionally, mainly for decoration, until 1850. Three slightly different versions of the alphabet developed in Denmark, Norway and Sweden - the first row of runes are the Danish ones, the second row are the Norwegian ones, and the third row are the Swedish ones, which are also known as Short-twig or Rök Runes. It was the main alphabet in Norway, Sweden and Denmark throughout the Viking Age, but was largely though not completely replaced by the Latin alphabet by about 1200 as a result of the conversion of most of Scandinavia to Christianity. Younger Futhark or "Normal Runes" gradually evolved Elder Futhark over a period of many years and stabilized by about 800 A.D., the beginning of the Viking Age. The letter k is also called kēnaz (torch) or The names of the letters are shown in Common Germanic, the reconstructed ancestor of all Germanic languages.Įlder Futhark is also known as Fuþark, Older Futhark, Old Futhark or Germanic Futhark. Other versions probably developed from it. There are a number of different Runic alphabets including:Įlder Futhark is thought to be the oldest version of the Runic alphabet, and was used in the parts of Europe which were home to Germanic peoples, including Scandinavia. Objects also somtimes had names carved onto them – either the name of the object itself, or the name of the person who owned it. Art and craft-signatures: Goldsmiths, blacksmiths, wood carvers, church builders, etc., often put their name on what they made.rude messages, similar to modern graffiti.personal letters: love letters, greetings between friends, proposals, etc.Political inscriptions are to do with matters of the law, historical figures state that they were somewhere hiding from the enemy, secret messages to do with the fighting of wars, etc. The trade inscriptions are often carved on wooden rune sticks. inscriptions related to trade and politics: There are many examples of trade communication: stock orders and descriptions, excuses for not having payed on time, trade name tags for bags or cases of produce, etc.religious/magic inscriptions: prayers and curses, formulas on.(Later grave slabs or stone coffins were sometimes inscribed with Who was buried, and also who made sure the stone was raised. grave stone inscriptions, often with who carved the runes and.'Hrolf was here' type inscriptions on cliff walls, large.Word divisions were not generally recognised in Runic writing, although one or more dots were occasionally used for this function.Later they settled down into a left to right pattern. The direction of writing in early Runic inscriptions is variable.(secret, runic letter), from the Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ runo (secret, mystery, rune), from the Proto-Germanic rūnō (secret, mystery, rune), from Proto-Indo-European *rewHn- (to roar grumble murmur mumble whisper). The word rune comes from the Old Norse word rún Runic inscriptions have been found throughout Europe from the Balkans to Germany, Scandinavia and the British Isles. The earliest known Runic inscriptions date from the 1st century AD, but the vast majority of Runic inscriptions date from the 11th century. Alternatively it may have developed from one of the ancient alphabets used in Italy for Etruscan or other languages. A number of letters resemble those used in early Greek alphabet. The Runic alphabet may have been based on an early version of the Greek alphabet. Little is known about the origins of the Runic alphabet, which is traditionally known as futhark after the first six letters. |
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